History of Integrated Circuit [IC]

Before the 1960’s when the Integrated Circuited were not invented then the in place of Integrated Circuited a component name “Discrete Component” were used.

Question-What is Discrete Component ?

Answer-……………………………………………………………

While integrated circuited were small in size and consume less power then discrete components and it allow more transistors on a single chip which make more computing power and analytical to system in solving the any problem.

So We can say that “Integrated Circuited is single chip circuit which contain more number of transistors.”

HISTORY

History of Integrate Circuit is very interesting and sequence full. Mean as the science developed technology adapted that and make a new invention. As the same way first The Vacuum Tube were used in 1900’s.

In 1900’s Vacuum Tube Time

Then the in 1905 the first electronic diode vacuum tube is built by English physicist name “J. Ambrose Fleming. In this diode use the alternating current into the direct way signal. After then the in 1906 a American scientist name “Lee De Forest” made a vacuum tube such a type in that there is control and amplified the signal, from here the technology of electronics is born.

In 1940’s Starting of Transistors

First transistor were made in middle of 20_th century in 1947 at Bell Lab by “Bardeen”, “Shockley” and “Brattain”. With the help of point contact technology a BIPOLAR TRANSISTER is made. And then in 1951 JUNCTION FIELD EFFCT TRANSISTER (JFET) invented. And in 1952 single crystal silicon is fabricated. And such way as the science grow like Oxide masking is developed then technology adopted and  in 1958 first Integrated Circuited is built in Texas Instrument by the Jack Kilby, and this is starting of the Integrated Circuit fabrication.

And some time later there come a improvement by the Fairchild Semiconductor like Planner process in which first take a silicon layer and on that all the transistor are distributed, like passive oxide layer to protect the junctions.

And thus way different technology come like-

SSI- small scale integration (up to 20 gate per chip In1960)

MSI- medium scale integration (up to 20-200 gates per chip After 1060)

LSI- large scale integration ( up to 200-5000 gates per chip in 1070)

VLSI- very large scale integration ( > 5000 gates per chip in 1980)