Aap Chutiye hain: January 2013

Monday, 28 January 2013

What is Microprocessor ?

Microprocessor is programmable single chip logic device that use to control any device or start or stop any device. On the other hand we can say that microprocessor is a data processing unit or data computing unit of computer.

Mean that Microprocessor is a programmable integrated circuited that have computing and decision making capability same as the Central Processing Unit (CPU).

Question- Application of Microprocessors in our daily life.?

We can see many application of Microprocessor in our daily life such as Lift system, petrol pump, ATM Machine and many more so that we can feel microprocessor a integral part of our life in the present time.

Click here

In the really the microprocessor is clock-driven semiconductor device consisting of electronic logic circuits manufactured by the using either a large –scale integration (LSI) or very-large-scale integration (VLSI) techniques. The microprocessor has capability of performing various computing functions and making decisions to change the sequence of program executions.

Basically a microprocessor contains three main components -

Arithmetic / Logic Unit
Register Array
Control Unit

Microprocessor communicates and operates in the binary numbers 0 and 1 , called bits. Each microprocessor has a fixed set of instructions in the form of binary called Machine Language. And binary Instructions are given abbreviate names called mnemonics, which form the Assembly Language for a given Microprocessor.

Arithmetic / Logic Unite

click here

Register Array

click here

Control Unite

click here

Time Pass SMS

Interviewer:Aapne etane paise kaise kamaye?
Gopi:Maine ek amir aadmi ko apana partner banaya, tab usake pass paisa aur mere pass experience tha but ab ulta hai.

Boss:What made you leave your last job?
Applicant:Sickness
Boss:And what was the problem?
Applicant:My boss was sick to me.

Sudhir(Assistent mechanic se) Kya tumhare boss ne tumko bataya nhi hai ki kya karna hai?
Mechanic:Ha sir,Unho ne kaha hai ki aaap ke aate hi unhe utha du.

Angry employer:You shouls have been here at nine o’ clock
Employee:Why what happened?

Interviewer:Agar aap election jeet jate hai to kya karenge?
Leader:Mai to ye soch raha hu ki agar mai election har gaya to kya karunga.

Sunday, 27 January 2013

C Programming Language

Introduction to C Programming Language
History of C Programming Language

Saturday, 26 January 2013

Introduction to C Programming Language

Software is collection of program and a program is collection of instructions.

Development of software-

As the above diagram shown. before making any software first we see the user requirement and analysis on that problem and think that what is output and what is input. And then design the ALGORITHM.

ALGORITHM= > “Algorithm is sequence and step of program for solving the problem”

Programming Languages

1. Low Level Language

2. High Level Language

Low Level Language

1. Machine Level Language2. Assembly Language

Computer (Machine) understand only the binary number 0 and 1. And Machine language consist the instructions in the form of 0 and 1 that called the Machine level language. Computer understand only the Machine level language.

Main problem in writing the program in Machine language is that writing the program instructions in binary number. Machine level language is not portable. Every computer has it’s own machine instructions, so the program written for one computer is not valid for another Computer. Low level language work very fast.

We can say that Assembly Language is some advance version of Machine level language. And advance feature is that instructions are in the English word like “MOVE” “ADD” “SUB” etc. So it is easier to write. But Computer understand only Machine Level Language so there is use a Translator that called “ASSEMBLER”.

Writing the program in the Assembly language to keep in mind hardware structure. Here Assembly Language is not also portable because data stored in the Registers Set and each have different set of Registers, so we can say that Assembly language is not also portable.

History of Operating System

In the 1970’s , CP/M (Control Monitor Program) was the widely used operating system, it was designed for 8-bit processor such as the Z80 and 8085 and 8080A.

In the 1980’s when the 8-bit microprocessor were replaced by 16-bit processor in the personal computers (PCs), MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) replace CP/M. MS-DOS (also known as DOD or PC-DOS) was designed to handle 16 bit processor system.

MS-DOS at that time was text-based operating system mean that command are written using keyboard to perform any task and operation. It was very very hard to operate because every operation and task need a specific command, which is very hard to learn a large numbers of commands.

So time latter in 1990’s Microsoft launch a graphical uses interface (GUI) operating system such as Window 3.1and 95. this type of window was enable the user to write commands by clicking on the icons rather then using then a keyboard. Mean in the icons commands are written earlier as click that command run and operation will be start to perform.

After then 32 and then 64-bit processor were launched then operating system such as UNIX, Linux, OS/2, Window 95/98/2000, ME (Millennium) and NT were launched.

Now a days Window XP/7 were launched with advance technology and feature. In the last of 2012 Window 8 were launched with new features an high speed then others windows.

History Of Microprocessor

Microprocessor is programmable single chip logic device that use to control any device or start or stop any device.

As we have describe the earlier about the WHAT IS THE MICROPROCESSOR ?

Revolution of Microprocessor being started with a bold and innovative approach after invention of Integrated Circuited. The First Microprocessor of the world was invented in 1971 name 4004 by Intel.

It is very interesting story, how the first microprocessor was designed. In 1969 Intel Corporation’s engineer “Ted Hoff” were working on designing a semiconductor memory. In 1969, Intel get a job to design a programmable calculator from a Japanese Company Bucsicom. But when the calculator is designed it original design have 12 different chip connected to each other to form that programmable calculator. So it have became big size then requirement. At that time Ted Hoff who was working in Intel (he was introduced 64-bit Semiconductor bipolar RAM chip) suggest about a general purpose single chip that can perform all the operations of that calculator and various logic functions, on the basics of 0_sand 1_sbinary numbers provided to that single chip which is keep stored in registers, at the appropriate timing. Group of Register is use to store any number in binary number form.

And thus way Intel successfully designed that programmable calculator withe help of single general purpose chip, and some time latter Intel got a idea is that this general purpose single chip have a quality of processing data store in group of registers and performing the various logical operations. And keep this idea in the mind Intel became successful to designed 4-bit microprocessor 4004 in 1971.

Question- What do you mean by 4-bit microprocessor ?

Answer- Click here

And thus a way the improvement in the first designed microprocessor 4004 is started and Intel designed many advance versions of the processor likes……

Processor	Year of Introduction
4004	1971
4040	mid-1971
8008	1972
8080	1976
8086	1978
8088	1979
80286	1982
80386	1985
80486	1989
Pentium	1993
Pentium Pro	1995
Pentium II	1997
Pentium III	1999
Pentium 4	2000

It was not that only one company name Intel only designed the microprocessor. Motorola was the second company which also designed many microprocessors like…

Motorola 6800

Zilog Z80

Question- How the quality of performance of microprocessor is improved, while size remain same of the microprocessors.?

Answer- Click here

History of Integrated Circuit [IC]

Before the 1960’s when the Integrated Circuited were not invented then the in place of Integrated Circuited a component name “Discrete Component” were used.

Question-What is Discrete Component ?

Answer-……………………………………………………………

While integrated circuited were small in size and consume less power then discrete components and it allow more transistors on a single chip which make more computing power and analytical to system in solving the any problem.

So We can say that “Integrated Circuited is single chip circuit which contain more number of transistors.”

HISTORY

History of Integrate Circuit is very interesting and sequence full. Mean as the science developed technology adapted that and make a new invention. As the same way first The Vacuum Tube were used in 1900’s.

In 1900’s Vacuum Tube Time

Then the in 1905 the first electronic diode vacuum tube is built by English physicist name “J. Ambrose Fleming. In this diode use the alternating current into the direct way signal. After then the in 1906 a American scientist name “Lee De Forest” made a vacuum tube such a type in that there is control and amplified the signal, from here the technology of electronics is born.

In 1940’s Starting of Transistors

First transistor were made in middle of 20_th century in 1947 at Bell Lab by “Bardeen”, “Shockley” and “Brattain”. With the help of point contact technology a BIPOLAR TRANSISTER is made. And then in 1951 JUNCTION FIELD EFFCT TRANSISTER (JFET) invented. And in 1952 single crystal silicon is fabricated. And such way as the science grow like Oxide masking is developed then technology adopted and in 1958 first Integrated Circuited is built in Texas Instrument by the Jack Kilby, and this is starting of the Integrated Circuit fabrication.

And some time later there come a improvement by the Fairchild Semiconductor like Planner process in which first take a silicon layer and on that all the transistor are distributed, like passive oxide layer to protect the junctions.

And thus way different technology come like-

SSI- small scale integration (up to 20 gate per chip In1960)

MSI- medium scale integration (up to 20-200 gates per chip After 1060)

LSI- large scale integration ( up to 200-5000 gates per chip in 1070)

VLSI- very large scale integration ( > 5000 gates per chip in 1980)

Random SMS

What is the difference between talent and intelligence?
Getting up early in the morning daily is talent.
Not trying such nonsense is intelligence.

How make one million rupee in the stock market?
Simple…start with two million.

Father:Look at these bill rent, telephone, electricity, shopping, etc. The costs are going up on all of them.
I would be very happy if just if just one thing went down.
Son:Dad, see my report card

Question:Which is thinnest book in the world?
Answer:The tittle is :What men know about women.

Sujeet ne Amit ke ghar ghar ka darwaja khatkhataya.
Sujeet:Kya Amit khelne ke liye bahar aa sakta hai?
Amit ki mummy:Nhi, nhi wo nhi aayega bahar bahut thand hai.
Sujeet:To kya uska football bahar aa sakta hai.

Sabse jyada nasha kis me hai…
pyar me…paise me…nhi…
Sabse jyad nash kitabo me hai, kholte hi nid aa jati hai.

This is the time to remind all the collage students that…
’Studies are also part of collage life.’

Be careful when a guy says that he loves you from the bottom of his heart. This may mean that their is still enough space for another girl at the top.

Three signs that the person is working in the corporate world.
1.Stressed
2.Depressed
3.Still well dressed.

Random SMS

Proposal SMS

Tamanna bs etani hai ki aapka pyar mile, ejhaar kare hum to aapka ekraar mile, bs ek bar aap kh do soch batayenge, fir chahe saat janmo ka entjaar mile.

Love SMS

Lines by a school boy….
Love is when I walk to other side of classroom to sharp my pencil, just to see her…..
And then realize that, I am holding a pen.

Student SMS

Students ki Shayari…
Hamne suna tha ki jindgi emthan leti hai.
yaha to emthan jindgi leti hai.

Mohan:Why did the teacher wear sunglasses yesterday?
Rohit:Because the students are were too bright.

The funniest and highly impossible message a students can ever send: I finished studies.

Air and student have same mentality,
Don’t you know how?
Both keep turning book’s pages without reading.

Santa-Banta SMS

Daaku bank lutane gaye, gun ghar pr hu bhul gaye. Phir bhi bank loot liya.
kaise?
Manejer Santa tha.

Santa:Koi baat nhi, I trust you, gun mujhe kal dikha dena.

Santa Banta pulled out six people from a burning house…..sttill they were in jail.
Why?
Because all the six were fire brigade staff.

What is Megapixel?

जानें, क्या है कैमरे का मेगापिक्सल

जब आप कैमरा खरीदने जाते हैं तो सबसे पहले आपको यह बताया जाता है कि यह कैमरा कितने मेगापिक्सेल का है। वहीं मोबाइल कंपनियां भी अपने मोबाइल के हाइमेगापिक्‍सल कैमरे का बखान करती है। अक्सर आपके मन में यह सवाल उठता होगा कि मेगा पिक्सल से वास्तव में कैमरे और उससे उतारी गई तस्वीर की क्वालिटी पर कितना असर पड़ता है।

बहुत कम लोगों को यह पता है कि मेगापिक्सल एक मेजरमेंट यूनिट है। एक मेगापिक्सल में 10 लाख पिक्सल होते है। कोई भी इमेज लाखों पिक्सल से मिलकर बनी होती हैं। ये जितने ज्यादा होंगे फोटो का साइज और क्वालिटी उतनी ही बेहतर होने की संभावना रहती है।

जितने ज्यादा मेगापिक्सल का कैमरा होगा वह फोटो में ऑब्जेक्ट की डिटेल उतनी ही ज्यादा पकड़ेगा और जितनी ज्यादा डिटेल होगी पिक्चर उतनी ही ज्यादा क्लियर और बड़ी हो सकती है। 8 मेगा पिक्सल के कैमरे से खींची गई फोटो का एक बड़ा पोस्टर साइज प्रिंट आउट निकाला जा सकता है। दो या तीन मेगा पिक्सल के कैमरे से A4 या A3 साइज का प्रिंट लिया जा सकता है।

आम भाषा में कहें तो फोटो कितनी बड़ी होगी यह भी पिक्सल पर ही निर्भर करता है। सीधे तौर पर मेगा पिक्सल का मतलब इमेज के रिज्यूलूशन, साइज और क्वालिटी से होता है। जब डिजीटल कैमरे की बात होती है तो मेगापिक्सल को भी कैमरे की क्वालिटी नापने का एक पैमाना माना जाता है।

खरीदते समय बस इस बात का ख्याल रखें कि अगर आपको पोस्टर साइज इमेज चाहिए तो ज्यादा मेगा पिक्सल वाला कैमरा आपकी पॉकेट के लिए सही रहेगा। वही एल्बम साइज फोटो प्रिंट्स के लिए 4-5 मेगा पिक्सल वाला कैमरा बेहतर रहता है।

उदाहरण के तौर पर 3.1 मेगापिक्सल का कैमरा 2048x1536 रिज्यूलूशन की इमेज ले सकता है, यानी इस इमेज में 30 लाख से भी अधिक पिक्सल हुए। मगर यह हमेशा याद रखें कि पिक्चर की क्लियरिटी के लिए अच्‍छे पिक्‍सल के साथ-साथ कैमरे के दूसरे फीचर्स का सपोर्ट भी जरूरी है।

केवल हाइमेगापिक्सल ही किसी कैमरे की क्वालिटी में सहायक नहीं होता। पिक्सल क्वालिटी के अलावा कैमरे की शटर स्पीड और लेंस की भी कैमरे के सलक्‍शन में अहम भूमिका है। डिजीटल कैमरे में शटरस्पीड कामतलब यह है कि आपको किसी वस्तु की इमेज कैप्चर करनी है कि तो कैमरे का सेंसर कितनी देर में पिक्चर को देखता है।

कैमरे की शटर स्पीड जितनी कम होगी वह उतना अच्छा होगा। कई बार समान मेगापिक्सल वाले कैमरों की शटर क्वालिटी अलग –अलग होती है, जिससे उनकी इमेज क्वालिटी में अंतर आ जाताहै। इसलिए ज्‍यादा पिक्‍सल होने का मतलब ये नहीं होता कि आप के कैमरे की क्वालिटी बहुत अच्छी होगी।

Friendship sms

Every friend can tell you that-"i m understanding ur feelings."

but,,

the real friends only tell- "I feel ur feelings"

Un logo ka bharosa mt karo

Jinki FEELINGS Wakqt ke sath badal jaye

Bharosa un logo ka karo Kinki

FEELINGS waise hi rahe jb aap ka wakqt badal jaye.

A Gud frnd says-Wo teri kismat me nhi thi yaar use bhul ja.

But a true frnd says-Tu parai pe dhyan de BHAI,

Paper ke bad use ghar se utha layenge..

Ek din dosti pr ek kitab likhege, dosto ke sath gujari har bbat likhenge, jb batana ho dost kaise hote hai,Tunhe soch kr hr baat likhenge.

Ek koi wayada nhi fir bhi aapka entjar tha, dur hone ke baad bhi aapki dosti se pyar tha, aapke chehare ki muskarahat bata rahi hai, aap ko mera entjar tha.

I may not not be a clock that may text you 24 hrs a day. But my heart will be like clock, that will not stop caring and saying u r aiways remembered.

Tumse duri ka ehsaas satane laga, tere sath gujara har lmha yad aane laga, jb bhi tujhe bhulane ki kosis ki a dost, tu dil ke aur karibaane laga,